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By: Lawrence Yeboah Gyan
Ghana on July 31, 2012, ratified the United Nations
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) with Article 24,
focusing on education, which prioritizes individualized support measures for
persons with special needs.
Prior to ratifying the convention, traditionally, children
with mild to moderate disabilities in Ghana were trained in trades just like
their peers without disabilities.
But gradually, Missionaries were said to have established
the first special schools for children with disabilities in Ghana focusing
first on children with blindness, and then on deaf students.
According to historians the special schools, at the time,
mainly offered literacy courses, and training in how to weave baskets using
local materials.
The government later on took the responsibility of catering
to the educational needs of children with disabilities in 1957, but full
responsibility did not begin until the passage of the Educational Act of 1961.
The Ministry of Education (MoE) only took over the affairs of special education
from the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare in the late 1960s and in 1970,
the Special Education Unit assumed full responsibility for special schools.
Although there is a deliberate government policy dating back
decades, there appears to be neglect as alleged by the Ghana Blind Union (GBU)
which is calling on the Ministry of Education and the Ghana Education Service to
pay critical attention to deplorable conditions of special needs schools in the
country.
According to the Union, the poor quality of food, lack of
infrastructure, and unhygienic conditions in dormitories and classrooms were
hampering their academic work.
The Bono Regional President of GBU, Mr Isaac Yeboah Afari,
made the appeal at a press briefing held in Sunyani to commemorate this year’s
International White Safety Cane Day.
The day is to celebrate the achievements of people who are
blind or visually impaired and the importance of the “white cane” as a symbol
of blindness and a tool of independence.
During the remarks, Mr Afari painted a gloomy picture of the
Bechem Demonstration School for the Deaf, and said for instance, that, the students
lived under unacceptable conditions while students of the St Joseph College of
Education Basic School, studied under trees.
This situation, he claimed was not different from other
inclusive basic schools in the country.
He said although the government, over the years, had
increased the enrolment of blind and partially sighted persons in school
through the adoption of an inclusive education system, a lot more needed to be
done to improve the quality of the learning environment.
“Increasing access to education for visually impaired people
and yet relegating quality to the background is meaningless,” he stated.
There is no doubt that the special needs schools in the
country are facing challenges that need urgent attention from the relevant
authorities.
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